This genus of 400 or so species of annuals, biennials, and perennials is widely distributed and is the type genus for its family, the Gentianaceae. Although they range from tiny tufted alpines to species with tall erect flower stems, most form a compact clump of simple pointed leaves, sometimes in rosettes. The flowers, which may be borne singly among the foliage or clustered on upright or over-arching stems, are trumpet- or bell-shaped, and mostly brilliant blue. If not blue, many gentian flowers are white, cream, yellow, or purple. Some gentians have medicinal uses, and the same honors Gentius, King of Illyria, who in 180 B.C. was cited by Pliny as having discovered these properties.
CULTIVATION
Gentiana species generally prefer a climate with distinct seasons. They grow best in sun or part-shade in moist, well-drained, humus-rich soil. The small species thrive in rockeries or flower borders. Propagate by division in early spring or raise from fresh seed in autumn.
Top Tip
Mostly alpine species, Gentiana plants do not do well under the searing heat of the sun in warmer climates, and should be sited where they are given some shade.
CULTIVATION
Gentiana species generally prefer a climate with distinct seasons. They grow best in sun or part-shade in moist, well-drained, humus-rich soil. The small species thrive in rockeries or flower borders. Propagate by division in early spring or raise from fresh seed in autumn.
Top Tip
Mostly alpine species, Gentiana plants do not do well under the searing heat of the sun in warmer climates, and should be sited where they are given some shade.
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